Language between God and the Poets: Ma‘na in the Eleventh Century

In the Arabic eleventh-century, scholars were intensely preoccupied with the way that language generated truth and beauty.  Key argues that ar-Raghib al-Isfahani, Ibn Furak, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), and Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani shared a conceptual vocabulary based on the words ma‘na and haqiqah that they used to build theories of language, mind, and reality.